This course covers topics including relativity, the photoelectric effect, Bohr Model, wave-particle duality, and quantum mechanics. 

This deals with the study of fundamental atmospheric processes such as weather and climate. Emphasis will be on elements of weather, cloud formation processes, seasonal winds, ITCZ, and tropical cyclones. The issue on climate change mitigation and adaptation will be discussed.


The course discusses the fundamental concepts of mechanical and electromagnetic waves. It describes the production and propagation of waves, its characteristics, types, and properties. It also deals with simple harmonic motion. This course also gives emphasis on the nature and the duality of light with emphasis on physical and geometric optics learning waves and optics allow students to gain insights on the importance of waves on daily activities and applies the concepts and principles in problem solving.